Floor shot blasting is a very mature and stable technology for concrete and steel floor cleaning. This process uses high-speed steel shots thrown by blasting turbine to impact the surface, achieving cleaning, roughening, and removing old coating in one pass. The floor shot blasting machine is designed with compact structure and stable performance, suitable for bridge deck, industrial workshop floor, ship deck, and parking garage maintenance.
1. Shot Blasting Process Overview
The working principle of floor shot blasting machine is mainly based on mechanical centrifugal blasting. The complete process can be divided into the following steps:
(1) Steel Shot Acceleration
A high-speed blasting wheel rotates at 2500–3500 r/min. Steel shots are fed into the center of the wheel and accelerated to high linear speed.
(2) Impact on Floor Surface
The steel shots are thrown out through the control cage window and impact the concrete or steel surface. The impact force removes laitance, rust, contaminants, and weak coating layers.
(3) Surface Roughening
Under continuous impact, micro-texture is formed on the surface. This roughness is very important for improving bonding strength for new coatings, waterproof layers, or adhesives.
(4) Abrasive and Dust Recovery
The mixture of steel shots, debris, and dust is sucked into the dust separation system.
- Steel shots are separated by gravity or magnetic separator and recycled back to the blasting wheel.
- Fine dust is filtered by cartridge dust collector.
- Waste material is collected in the dust bin.
This closed-loop process ensures environment-friendly operation with no dust emission on site.
2. Main Components of Floor Shot Blasting Machine
A complete floor shot blasting system consists of several key assemblies. Each function is necessary to ensure stable and efficient blasting quality.
(1) Blasting Wheel (Turbine) Assembly
- The core power unit of the blasting machine.
- Composed of impeller, control cage, and blasting blades.
- Determines shot velocity, blasting width, and efficiency.
- Made of high chromium wear-resistant material.
(2) Shot Feeding and Control System
- Controls the amount of abrasive entering the wheel.
- Stable feeding ensures uniform blasting effect.
- Prevents overloading and protects motor.
(3) Separation System
- Includes magnetic separator or airflow gravity separator.
- Removes dust and debris from steel shots.
- Ensures steel shots are clean before re-entering the wheel, reducing wear.
(4) Blast Chamber / Working Head
- The place where steel shots impact the floor surface.
- Designed with wear-resistant liners to protect housing.
- Optimized sealing structure reduces shot leakage.
(5) Recovery System
- Includes vacuum suction hose and separation tank.
- Recovers steel shots after blasting.
- Maintains closed-loop circulation of abrasives.
(6) Dust Collector System
- High-efficiency cartridge or bag filter.
- Removes fine dust to achieve clean and dust-free operation.
- Equipped with pulse cleaning to maintain suction force.
(7) Drive and Walking Mechanism
- Controls machine moving speed and straightness.
- Speed affects blasting depth and surface profile.
- Some models include frequency inverter for speed adjustment.
(8) Control Panel / Electrical System
- Centralized control of turbine, dust collector, and travel motor.
- Safety protection such as overload and emergency stop.
3. Advantages of the Shot Blasting Process
- Dry operation, no water pollution
- Uniform surface roughness, high bonding strength
- Environment-friendly, closed dust-free construction
- High efficiency and labor saving
- Suitable for large-area industrial floors and bridge decks
4. Typical Application Areas
- Concrete floor laitance removal
- Steel plate rust removal before coating
- Bridge deck waterproofing preparation
- Parking garage floor renovation
- Airport runway anti-skid treatment
- Ship deck derusting